12 research outputs found
Perception of negotiation partner: cultural differences from perspective of estonians
Negotiations are a means for entrepreneurial communication and the manner how participants in negotiations treat each other is very much influenced by their cultural background. Cultural background proÂŹvides individuals an understanding of their partnerâs role from various perspectives. Several cultural orientations have been proposed by different authors to measure cultures. Cultural orientation is considered a relative phenomenon and thus the way other cultures are perceived depends largely on the perceiver. Estonia is a small country which was ruled by various powers but Russian and German impact is mentioned the most often. Both of these countries also play an important role in Estoniaâs economy and hence it is interesting and valuable to gain better understanding of how Estonians perceive them in the framework of entrepreneurial communication. The aim of the study is to draw some implications for entrepreneurs by way of studying Estoniansâ views on Germansâ and Russiansâ negotiation behavior. The study was based on the framework of Hofstedeâs cultural dimensions using qualitative research method. The findings, along with other issues, bring up three aspects for entrepreneurs to consider when dealing with international negotiations. Limited experience and the perception of differences may lead to generation of stereotypes among entrepreneurs. Therefore, education and thorough investigation would be beneficial for acquiring efficient negotiation behavior.negotiations; entrepreneurship; national culture; Hofstedeâs dimensions; perception of partner.
Place Marketing Implementation in Different Administrative Subdivisions: Estonian Case Study
The principal scope of this paper is to construct the chain-of-marketing that regards the implementation of a place marketing strategy, in particular regional tourism and development policy. For a few decades place marketing has been mostly a marketing viewpoint for urban areas in the context of tourism in cities or metropols. Smaller rural areas and country-sides have not got so much attention and place marketing is not much used as a strategic tool to improve development in such areas. Place marketing is usually seen as a tourism improvement for tourists, but actually the target audience is much wider. The starting point of the paper was the assumption that the quality of place marketing in these rural areas is not good and strategically elaborated. By comparing three different case studies, Tartu Rural Development Association (Example 1), 4P area in Central-Estonia (Example 2) and Attractions in Municipality of Konguta (Example 3), worst and best practices have been identified, and an answer to the question whether there exists such a thing as ideally sized and structured geographical area that deals with place marketing on the regional level has been sough
Trees in Estonian urban environment: use and care
Magistritöö
Maastikuarhitektuuri ÔppekavalKÀesolev töö kÀsitleb linnapuude hooldamist ja sellega seotud probleeme Eesti linnades.
Muu hulgas kÀsitletakse puude erinevate lÔikuste mÔju ja sellest tulenevalt puu tervislikku
seisundit, vÀljanÀgemist ning erikujuliste puude kujundamist ja nende kasutamist
haljasaladel vÔi tÀnavatel. Töö eemÀrk on uurida puuhoolduse rolli linnapildi kujundamisel
Eestis. Kirjanduse analĂŒĂŒsis selgitatakse linnapuude maastikuarhitektuurseid ĂŒlesandeid
ning antakse teoreetiline ĂŒlevaade puude korrektse hooldamise ja kujundamise kohta.
Metoodika jaguneb kaheks: 1) intervjuu Eesti linnade haljastusega tegelevate
spetsialistidega (vastasid 8 linna spetsialistid: Tallinn, Tartu, Viljandi, Kuressaare,
PĂ”ltsamaa, Narva, Rakvere, Keila), 2) arvamuspĂ”hine ankeetkĂŒsimustik, mis saadeti
kolmele erineval tasemel puuhooldusega kokku puutuvale grupile: arboristidele (21
vastajat), maastikuarhitektidele (36 vastajat) ja tavainimestele (10 vastajat).
Metoodika on valitud pÔhjusel, et spetsialistidelt intervjuu abil uurida puuhoolduse osas
tehtavate otsuste pĂ”hjuste kohta ning kĂŒsitluse vastused annavad tulemuse, mida inimesed
tegelikult linnas nÀha sooviksid. NÀiteks selgub, et linnade haljastuse planeerimisel
eelistatakse vabakujulisi puid, sest nende hooldamine on odavam, kuid kĂŒsitlus annab
vastuse, et tegelikult soovivad inimesed kesklinnas, esinduslikumatel haljasaladel ja
parkides lisaks vabakujulistele puudele ka kujundatud puid nÀha, vabakujulisi puid
eelistatakse looduslikumatel aladel. TĂ€navatĂŒĂŒpide seisukohast sobivad vabakujulised
puud enim ÀÀrelinna tÀnavatele ja nii puuderidadesse kui alleedesse, kesklinna vÀljakutele
ja konteineritesse sobivad vormipuud, (eelkÔige pöetud vÔraga). Peamine linnapuid
puudutav probleem on erinevate osapoolte teadmatus, mis muudab keeruliseks
puuhoolduse korraldamise ning viib alla ka selle kvaliteedi. KĂŒsitluse tulemusel selgub, et
linnapuude suurimaks rolliks peetakse nende esteetilist ja visuaalset vÀÀrtust, kuid
linnapildis nÀhakse paljusid puuhoolduses tehtud vigu, millest kÔige hÀirivamad on valesti
teostatud hooldus, liiga suured lÔikehaavad ja tulbastatud puud, mis kÔik lisaks visuaalsele
kahjule mÔjutavad ka puude tervislikku seisundit. Tehtud uuring vÔiks olla abiks linnade
spetsialistidele haljastuse planeerimisel vÔi hoolduskavade koostamisel, sest toob vÀlja nii
valdkonnale spetsialiseerunud inimeste kui lihtsalt linnaruumi kasutajate arvamused ja
eelistused linnapuude osas. Arvestades tulemust, et erinevate linnade puuhoolduse
kavandamine erineb suurel mÀÀral ning on kohati puudulik, vĂ”ib töö olla ka ĂŒheks
lĂ€htematerjaliks ĂŒleriigiliselt puuhoolduse kvaliteedi parandamisel vĂ”i ĂŒhtlustamisel.The study deals with Estonian urban tree care and problems realated to it. Among the other
things, the study concernes the influence of tree pruning and, consequently, the health and
look of the tree, also different special shapes of trees and their use in green areas or streets
are considered. The aim is to investigate the role of tree care in creating the view of
Estonian cities. The literature overview explains landscape architectural tasks of urban
trees and gives a theoretical background of the proper care and design with trees. Methods
are divided into two parts: 1) Interviews with experts dealing with greenery of Estonian
cities (specialists from 8 cities responded: Tallinn, Tartu, Viljandi, Kuressaare, PÔltsamaa,
Narva, Rakvere, Keila), 2) Opinion-based questionnaire, sent to three groups of people
with different experience of tree care: arborists (21 respondents), landscape architects (36
respondents) and ordinary people (10 respondents).
Such methodology is chosen to examine professionals to find out the decision-making in
planning of tree care. The answers provide the idea what people would really like to see in
a city. For example, natural-formed trees are most preferred in cities, as their maintenance
is much cheaper, but the survey shows that people actually want to see also different
shapes of the trees in the the city center, in the most representative green areas and parks,
natural shape is preferred more in natural areas. By the types of streets, natural-shaped
trees are the most suitable on the streets of suburbs, also piers and alleys, but on the city
squares and in containers people prefer shaped trees. The main problem with urban trees is
the ignorance of the various parties, which makes it difficult to organize tree care and
reduces its quality. It is clear that the aesthetic and visual value of urban trees is considered
to be the most important based on the survey. There are many visible mistakes made in tree
care, most disturbing of which are incorrect maintenance, excessive cuts and topped trees,
all of which, in addition to visual damage, also pose problems to the health situation of
trees. The study may be helpful for urban planners to design green areas or draw up
maintenance plans, as it highlights the opinions and preferences of city-dwellers who
specialize in the field as well as just users of urban space. Considering the result that the
planning of tree care in different cities varies greatly and is sometimes even lacking, work
may also be one of the source materials for nationwide improvement or harmonization of
tree care
Latest research trends in gait analysis using wearable sensors and machine learning: a systematic review
Gait is the locomotion attained through the movement of limbs and gait analysis examines the patterns (normal/abnormal) depending on the gait cycle. It contributes to the development of various applications in the medical, security, sports, and fitness domains to improve the overall outcome. Among many available technologies, two emerging technologies that play a central role in modern day gait analysis are: A) wearable sensors which provide a convenient, efficient, and inexpensive way to collect data and B) Machine Learning Methods (MLMs) which enable high accuracy gait feature extraction for analysis. Given their prominent roles, this paper presents a review of the latest trends in gait analysis using wearable sensors and Machine Learning (ML). It explores the recent papers along with the publication details and key parameters such as sampling rates, MLMs, wearable sensors, number of sensors, and their locations. Furthermore, the paper provides recommendations for selecting a MLM, wearable sensor and its location for a specific application. Finally, it suggests some future directions for gait analysis and its applications
Veise sigimine: kÔrgkooliÔpik
Eestis on veisekasvatusest lugu peetud juba kiviajast peale. Meil on heade tĂ”uomadustega ja suure toodanguga piimakari ja kiiresti kasvav lihakari ning me suudame toota kvaliteetset piima ja veiseliha nii kohalikele tarbijatele kui ka ekspordiks. Veiste sigimisprobleemid on oluliseks veisekasvatuse kasumlikkust mĂ”jutavaks teguriks. Selleks, et sigimisprobleemide olemust mĂ”ista ja nende teket ennetada vĂ”i neid ravida, on vajalikud pĂ”hjalikud teadmised veise sigimise erinevatest aspektidest. Seni puudub ĂŒks terviklik veise sigimise alast teavet koondav eestikeelne Ă”ppevahend. KĂ€esoleva Ă”piku abil soovime seda lĂŒnka tĂ€ita. Oleme Ă”pikusse kokku kogunud teadmised suguorganite morfoloogiast ja fĂŒsioloogiast, tiinusest ja sĂŒnnitusest ning poegimisjĂ€rgsetest haigustest. Suguorganite anatoomiat kĂ€sitletakse Ă”pikus mitte klassikalise, vaid funktsionaalse anatoomia seisukohast. Veise tiinuse ja sĂŒnnituse
Veise sigimine : kÔrgkooliÔpik
KĂ”rgkooliĂ”pikĂlle Jaakma ja Mihkel Jalakase toimetatud Ă”pik âVeise sigimineâ valiti 2018. aasta parimaks eestikeelseks kĂ”rgkooliĂ”pikuks.Eestis on veisekasvatusest lugu peetud juba kiviajast peale. Meil on heade tĂ”uomadustega
ja suure toodanguga piimakari ja kiiresti kasvav lihakari ning me suudame toota
kvaliteetset piima ja veiseliha nii kohalikele tarbijatele kui ka ekspordiks. Veiste sigimisprobleemid
on oluliseks veisekasvatuse kasumlikkust mÔjutavaks teguriks. Selleks,
et sigimisprobleemide olemust mÔista ja nende teket ennetada vÔi neid ravida, on vajalikud
pĂ”hjalikud teadmised veise sigimise erinevatest aspektidest. Seni puudub ĂŒks
terviklik veise sigimise alast teavet koondav eestikeelne Ôppevahend. KÀesoleva Ôpiku
abil soovime seda lĂŒnka tĂ€ita. Oleme Ă”pikusse kokku kogunud teadmised suguorganite
morfoloogiast ja fĂŒsioloogiast, tiinusest ja sĂŒnnitusest ning poegimisjĂ€rgsetest haigustest.
Suguorganite anatoomiat kÀsitletakse Ôpikus mitte klassikalise, vaid funktsionaalse
anatoomia seisukohast. Veise tiinuse ja sĂŒnnituse patoloogia osas antakse ĂŒlevaade ka
vÀÀrarendite ja abordi problemaatikast. Esmakordselt kÀsitletakse eestikeelses Ôpikus
kaasaegset sigimise biotehnoloogiat, sh embrĂŒotehnoloogiat ja transgeenset tehnoloogiat,
koos vÔimalike rakendustega aretustöös.
Ăpik on mĂ”eldud eeskĂ€tt veterinaarmeditsiini eriala ĂŒliĂ”pilastele, aga seda saavad kĂ€siraamatuna
kasutada ka praktiseerivad loomaarstid, seemendustehnikud ja loomakasvatuse
spetsialistid. Lisaks sellele saavad siit informatsiooni bioloogia eriala ĂŒliĂ”pilased ja
biotehnoloogia ning kliinilise diagnostika spetsialistid, samuti bioloogiaÔpetajad.
Ăpiku autorid on Ă”ppejĂ”ud ja teadlased, kes on oma kitsama valdkonna tunnustatud asjatundjad
ning puutuvad oma töös kÀsitletud teemade ringi puudutavate probleemidega
kokku iga pÀev. TÀname kÔiki autoreid nende suure panuse eest Ôpiku valmimisse. Suur
tÀnu Eha JÀrvele, kes on rahulikult ja asjatundlikult aidanud eri autorite kirjutatud osad
ĂŒheks tervikuks ĂŒhendada. Oleme tĂ€nulikud kĂ”igile kolleegidele, kes oma tĂ€helepanekute
ja soovitustega on selle raamatu valmimisel kaasa aidanud.
Loodame, et Ôpik pakub nii Ôppuritele kui ka praktikutele kasulikku ja vajalikku informatsiooni.
Ălle Jaakma
Ôpiku toimetaj
Network of sports
Koostatud analĂŒĂŒsid nĂ€itavad, et kĂ”ik pikemad rekreatsioonipiirkonnad vĂ”i terviserajad kulgevad EmajĂ”e ÀÀras ja jĂ”ega samas suunas. Vaja oleks jalakĂ€ijasĂ”bralikumaid tĂ€navaid ka linna sisse. Töö eesmĂ€rk on propageerida tervislikke eluviise ja rajada jooksurajad lĂ€bi linna. Radadega tekivad ka ĂŒhendused olemasolevate spordikeskuste- ja vĂ€ljakute vahel. Lisaks saavad osadest ĂŒldkasutatavatest rohealadest spordivĂ€ljakud ning tĂ€navatele rajatakse istekohad puhkamiseks vĂ”i aja veetmiseks.
Muudetavad tĂ€navad on Lubja, Liiva ja MĂ€e tĂ€nav, aga et tekitada spordivĂ”rgustikku, ka Peetri ja KruusamĂ€e tĂ€nav, Raadi kalmistu ja Raadi kruusakarjÀÀr. Piirkond on projekti jaoks parim oma varieeruva reljeefi ja keskkonna tĂ”ttu, pakkudes erinevat fĂŒĂŒsilist pingutust ja huvitavat teekonda. Lisaks on alal palju spordikeskusi ning liiklus on rahulik.
Lubja tĂ€nava algusesse rajatakse jalakĂ€ijate sild, et tekiks ĂŒhendus EmajĂ”e erinevate kallaste ja nendel olevate terviseradade vahel. Et tĂ€navatel oleks parem joosta, lisatakse olemasolevatele kĂ”nniteedele lisaks 2 meetrit, mis on kaetud spetsiaalselt jooksmiseks mĂ”eldud kummisillutisega. Kummisillutis on ainult tĂ€navatel: looduslikumad alad nagu jĂ”ekaldad, kalmistu ja Raadi kruusakarjÀÀri ĂŒmbrus, on kaetud kruusateedega. Kehtestatakse mĂ”ningad muudatused liikluskorralduses.
Peamine ĂŒhenduspunkt tekib MĂ€e tĂ€nava ÀÀrde. Hetkel on seal kasutuseta avalik haljasala kinnikasvava tiigiga. Sinna on planeeritud spordipark/mĂ€nguvĂ€ljak, millel on kolm erinavalt disainitud osa: laste mĂ€nguvĂ€ljak, noorte turnimispark ja trenazööridega treenimisala, mis sobib nii pensionĂ€ridele kui noorematele. Oluline on servituudi loomine lĂ€bi MĂ€e tĂ€nava lĂ”pus oleva tootmismaa, et tekiks ligipÀÀs kruusakarjÀÀrile, kuhu tekib hooldusraiete ja koristustööde jĂ€rel looduslikum ala matkamiseks ning talvel suusatamiseks.Analysis are showing that all the longer green public spaces or health trails are directed along and near the EmajĂ”gi. There seems to be a need for more pedestrianfriendly streets inside of the city. Aim of the work is to promote healthy lifestyles and create jogging paths through the city. By creating the jogging paths occur connections between existing sports centers- and grounds. Some of the public spaces will be new sportsgrounds and there will be sittingplaces on the streets. The changeable streets are Lubja, Liiva and MĂ€e, but also to make a network out of them Peetri and KruusamĂ€e street, Raadi graveyard and Raadi gravel quarry. This area is the best for the project because the relief and environment are variable, offering different physical effort. Also there are many sports centers there and the traffic is not too intensive.
Lubja pedestrian bridge will connect different sides of the river. To make streets better for jogging there will be extra meters covered with rubber paving. This rubber paving will be only in the streets: more natural areas have/will have gravel cover. The main interconnection is on the MĂ€e street. At the moment there is an empty public space with owergrown pond. There will be a sports park/playground, witch has three variously designed spaces: for children, for young people and grown- ups and for pensioners. Important aspect is also creating a servitute through the industrial land that is at the end of the MĂ€e street to create free access to the Raadi gravel quarry where will be area for hiking, jogging or in winter skying